國(guo)家(jia)統計(ji)局公布的全(quan)國(guo)棉花產量數據顯示，2024年(nian)全(quan)國(guo)棉花播(bo)種面積4257.4萬畝(mu)(mu)，比上年(nian)增加(jia)75.2萬畝(mu)(mu)，增長(chang)1.8%；單產144.8公斤(jin)/畝(mu)(mu)，比上年(nian)增加(jia)10.4公斤(jin)/畝(mu)(mu)，增長(chang)7.8%；產量616.4萬噸(dun)，比上年(nian)增加(jia)54.6萬噸(dun)，增長(chang)9.7%。
一、全國棉花播種面積增加
2024年(nian)(nian)(nian)，全國棉(mian)花播(bo)種(zhong)面積4257.4萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)，比(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)加(jia)75.2萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)，增(zeng)長1.8%。分(fen)地區看，新疆(jiang)棉(mian)花播(bo)種(zhong)面積3671.9萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)，比(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)加(jia)117.9萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)，增(zeng)長3.3%。今年(nian)(nian)(nian)新疆(jiang)棉(mian)花目標價格(ge)保持較(jiao)高水平，植(zhi)(zhi)棉(mian)預期收益穩定(ding)，棉(mian)農種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)積極(ji)性較(jiao)高，面積增(zeng)加(jia)較(jiao)多。其(qi)他棉(mian)區受比(bi)較(jiao)效(xiao)益偏低、種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)結(jie)構調整等(deng)因素影(ying)響，棉(mian)花面積總(zong)體呈縮減趨勢。其(qi)中，長江流域棉(mian)區[1]播(bo)種(zhong)面積302.1萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)，比(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)減少4.9萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)，下降1.6%；黃河流域棉(mian)區[2]播(bo)種(zhong)面積246.3萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)，比(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)減少38.7萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)，下降13.6%。
二、全國棉花單產提高
2024年(nian)，全國(guo)棉(mian)(mian)花(hua)(hua)單產(chan)144.8公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)，比(bi)(bi)上年(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)加10.4公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)，增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)7.8%。分地區(qu)看，新(xin)疆棉(mian)(mian)花(hua)(hua)自播(bo)種以(yi)來，光溫水充足，整體氣象條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)利(li)于棉(mian)(mian)花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)發育，長(chang)(chang)(chang)勢(shi)明顯(xian)好于上年(nian)，尤(you)其是(shi)在采摘期新(xin)疆晴好天氣多，有利(li)于提高棉(mian)(mian)花(hua)(hua)產(chan)量和品(pin)質。2024年(nian)，新(xin)疆棉(mian)(mian)花(hua)(hua)單產(chan)154.9公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)，比(bi)(bi)上年(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)加11.0公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)，增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)7.6%。其他(ta)棉(mian)(mian)區(qu)中(zhong)，長(chang)(chang)(chang)江流域棉(mian)(mian)區(qu)今(jin)年(nian)農業氣象條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)與上年(nian)相當，植棉(mian)(mian)技術(shu)提高、品(pin)種優化，棉(mian)(mian)花(hua)(hua)單產(chan)穩中(zhong)有增(zeng)(zeng)，棉(mian)(mian)花(hua)(hua)單產(chan)73.2公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)，比(bi)(bi)上年(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)加1.8公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)，增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)2.5%；黃河流域棉(mian)(mian)區(qu)前期高溫干旱，后期降雨較多，棉(mian)(mian)花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)略受影響，單產(chan)83.7公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)，比(bi)(bi)上年(nian)減少0.1公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)，下降0.2%。
三、全國棉花產量實現增長
在播種面積增(zeng)加和單產提高的共(gong)同帶動下(xia)，全國棉(mian)花(hua)產量(liang)實現增(zeng)長(chang)。2024年(nian)(nian)，全國棉(mian)花(hua)產量(liang)616.4萬(wan)噸(dun)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)加54.6萬(wan)噸(dun)，增(zeng)長(chang)9.7%。其中，新疆棉(mian)花(hua)產量(liang)568.6萬(wan)噸(dun)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)加57.4萬(wan)噸(dun)，增(zeng)長(chang)11.2%；長(chang)江流(liu)域(yu)棉(mian)花(hua)產量(liang)22.1萬(wan)噸(dun)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)加0.2萬(wan)噸(dun)，增(zeng)長(chang)0.8%；黃河流(liu)域(yu)棉(mian)花(hua)產量(liang)20.6萬(wan)噸(dun)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)減少3.3萬(wan)噸(dun)，下(xia)降13.7%。
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